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This document covers military aircraft wheel and hydraulically actuated brake equipment.

A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.

This document recommends minimum requirements for antiskid brake control to provide total aircraft systems compatibility. Design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, are covered in detail. Methods of determining and evaluating antiskid system performance are discussed. While this document specifically addresses antiskid systems which are a part of a hydraulically actuated brake system, the recommended practices are equally applicable to brakes actuated by other means, such as electrically actuated brakes.

The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating envirnoment.

This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.

In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety, performance, and airplane compatibility of the originally certified commercial and military aircraft. Successful demonstration also includes confirmation that no adverse failure modes are introduced. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as certification of an alternate supplier.

This specification covers minimum requirements for brake temperature monitoring equipment whenever used on any type and model of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.

This standard establishes minimum design, installation, qualification, and operational requirements for thermally actuated, pressure release devices for use only in tubeless tire type aircraft wheels. These devices are designed to completely release the contained inflation pressure from a tubeless tire and wheel assembly when brake generated heat causes the assembly to exceed a safe temperature operating level. The objective is to prevent tire or wheel rupture due to brake generated heat which could cause serious personnel injuries or serious aircraft operational hazards.

In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) sets forth the minimum quality required for aircraft wheel and brake castings. Its use will establish minimum acceptable requirements for internal structure and surface conditions and is predicated on the use of a casting factor for the ultimate load of more than 1.51 through 2.00. When casting factors of 1.25 through 1.50 are used, visual, penetrant, and radiographic or other approved equivalent nondestructive inspection methods shall all be required on each production casting. Where specific parts, or areas of parts, require a quality level exceeding that described by this document, the requirements shall be established by negotiation between the purchaser and vendor.

The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating envirnoment.

This specification covers minimum design and test requirements for aircraft tire inflation-deflation equipment for use on all types of aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the airframe manufacturer to determine the compatibility of the requirement with the applicable aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.

This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.

This document covers military aircraft wheel and hydraulically actuated brake equipment.

This standard covers minimum requirements for skid control equipment for use on all types and models of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the recommended procedure for obtaining desired preloads in aircraft wheel tie bolts when mounting tires and assembling the wheel. It is generally referred to as the snug-angle bolted joint assembly procedure. It is also known as the “torque-turn” procedure in the heavy equipment ground vehicle industry.

This specification covers the brake system design requirements for aircraft equipped with wheel-type landing gear.

This document covers military aircraft wheel and brake equipment.